Globally, the COVID-19 disease has caused death and illness in an unparalleled manner worldwide due to the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2). Acute and long-term effects of this disease can cause affect multiple organ systems of the host. Early scientific and clinical evidence suggest dyspnea, fatigue, cognitive disturbances, chest pain, arthralgia and even a decline in quality of life can be caused as residual effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Yes, we are going to explore the post-effect of COVID-19 infection.
\nIt\u2019s become preeminent to determine the understanding of the issues surrounding the population of patients who are recovering or recovered from COVID-19 infection. Several clinical assessments recognized the COVID-19 as a multi-organ disease with a wide-ranging of instances. However, the post-acute timeline of COVID-19 is changing. The persistence of symptoms or development of sequelae lasts for 3 or 4 weeks from
\nthe acute symptoms of COVID-19.
\nPost-acute COVID-19 is defined as ceaseless symptoms or long-term complications that can develop from 3-4 weeks and last up to 12 weeks to 6 months. The common symptoms observed in post-COVID infection are outlined as muscular weakness, joint pain, dyspnea, cough, continual oxygen requirement, disturbances in regular sleep, anxiety\/depression, brain fog, headaches, palpitations, chest pain, thromboembolism, chronic kidney disease, hair loss and fatigue decline in quality of life.
\nCurrent studies have identified organ-specific sequelae of post- COVID-19 infection to address the management considerations for comprehensive care of patients.<\/p>\n
Cardiovascular:<\/strong><\/span> Pulmonary:<\/strong><\/span> Renal:<\/strong><\/span> Neuropsychiatric:<\/strong><\/span> Endocrine:<\/strong><\/span> Hematologic:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u00b7 Symptoms: dyspnea, palpitations, chest pain
\n\u00b7 Long-term sequelae may include myocardial fibrosis or scarring, tachycardia, arrhythmias, and autonomic dysfunction, and increased cardio-metabolic demand.
\n\u00b7 Patients who have already developed cardiovascular complications at the time of COVOD-19 infection need to be monitored with serial clinical, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram follow-up.<\/p>\n
\n\u00b7 Symptoms: Dyspnea, hypoxia, and fall off in exercise capacity are commonly tenacious symptoms and signs
\n\u00b7 Restrictive pulmonary physiology, decreased ground-glass opacities, diffusion capacity and fibrotic changes need to be observed at follow-up time of COVID-19 patients\/survivors.
\n\u00b7 Progression and recovery-based assessment of pulmonary disease and function are the obvious tasks.<\/p>\n
\n\u00b7 In acute COVID-19 infection, most of the patients suffer from AKI resolution. However, in 6 months follow-up, reduced eGFR has been reported too.
\n\u00b7 COVAN has been found as a predominant pattern of renal injury in individuals of African descent.
\n\u00b7 Early and close follow-up in the AKI survivor clinic may be beneficial for the patients who have survived from COVID-19 with impaired renal function.<\/p>\n
\n\u00b7 Cognitive impairment or brain fog, dysautonomia, myalgia, headache, and fatigue are the common continual abnormalities observed in COVID-19 survivors.
\n\u00b7 In a study, it is observed that 30% to 40% of the COVID-19 survivors suffered from depression, anxiety, PTSD and sleep disturbances
\n\u00b7 Immune dysregulation, microvascular thrombosis, inflammation are the iatrogenic effects (due to the medication) and psychosocial impacts of infection<\/p>\n
\n\u00b7 Endocrine sequelae of COVID-19 infection may be worsening for the patients who have earlier complications like sub-acute thyroiditis, diabetes mellitus, and bone demineralization.<\/p>\n
\n\u00b7 In retrospective studies of post-acute COVID-19, thromboembolic is observed as below 5%.
\n\u00b7 In COVID-19 infection, the time duration of the hyperinflammatory state became undetectable.
\n\u00b7 Low-molecular-weight (LMW) heparin and direct oral medicines that are used to prevent blood clotting may be responsible for extended thromboprophylaxis in COVID patients with risk factors for continually elevated d-dimer levels, immobility, and other comorbidities like cancer.<\/p>\n